In 2010, ONT combined two technologies addressing each of the main outstanding problems. The first was an engineered nanopore developed in collaboration with Bayley’s lab that could discriminate between individual DNA bases, solving the resolution issue. The second was a trick to slow the DNA down to detectable speeds, using the familiar DNA polymerase enzyme. Mark Akeson’s lab at UC Santa Cruz had identified a specific polymerase from the bacterial virus ɸ29 that replicated DNA at an ideal speed for detection via nanopore. Template DNA strands were replicated just before entering the nanopore, passing through slowly enough for individual bases’ effect on the electrical current to be detectable and allowing the DNA sequence to be read one base at a time.
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